In this series of articles, we will discuss the development of the Pz.Kpfw. VIII 'Maus'.
After taking a look at ideas and visions leading to the development of its prototypes,
we will take a closer look at the infamous German vehicle that got past the firing range tests.

During the final stages of the war, Nazi Germany’s top leadership including Adolf Hitler began to embody the idea of creating heavy breakthrough tanks. It was a concept investigated in the USSR in the second half of the 1920’s, where the concept of deep offensive operations was developed, which included not only fast tanks but also heavy multi-turreted vehicles.

Ferdinand Porsche

In reality these tanks turned out to be ineffective due to their low speed and lack of maneuverability on the battlefield. And it is surprising that Hitler returned to this idea at the end of 1942 when the defeat of Germany wasn’t obvious. It seems that failures on the Eastern front and the increasing power of the Allies in Africa forced the German command to speed up victory over the Soviet Union in order to release forces and facilities used for that theatre to fight the United States and Great Britain.

German tank commanders such as Heinz Guderian did not completely approve of the Fuhrer’s ideas. The wooden mock-up tank of new Panzerkampfwagen VIII “Maus” (Sd.Kfz 205; VK7001/Porsche Type 205) in it’s flamethrower variant was shown to Hitler on the 1st of May 1943. It did not impress the German military commander Guderian, who complained about the lack of defensive armament on the proposed vehicle.

However, contrary to his military commanders, Hitler had already shown that he was seriously interested in the development of such a vehicle back in June 4th, 1942, during the demonstration of VK 100.01(P) / KV3381, the original version of the Panzerkampfwagen VIII “Maus”. There, Ferdinand Porsche, head designer of the future super-heavy tank, had already suggested to increase the projected mass of the tank project to 120 instead of 100 tons.

Project VK 100.01 compared to Pz.Kpfw. VIII 'Maus'

Devotion to it’s immensity along with the 149mm KwK L/40 cannon apparently boggled the imagination of the German leader who never thought about the technical problems of such a grand-scale idea. The issue was that the previous designs of Ferdinand Porsche were declined due to technical issues that appeared when trying to build experimental models. However, the designers apparently also got carried away with the idea of a “supertank”, which became very evident in the next variant K3382 (its weight reached 140t.) to mount the second turret with a 75mm KwK L/24 gun instead of a commander’s cupola.

Also, Porsche's team suggested a third variant of the tank, the Type 205A “Mäuschen”, as a final experimental project for a new heavy machine. All further designs, however, were focused on creating the Panzerkampfwagen VIII “Maus”.

As we can see, the process of designing the super heavy tank the “Maus” was not a reactive decision forced by a difficult situation on the front, but was more driven by the German leaders vision to create a ‘super tank’ above everything else.

In the next publication we will examine the construction of experimental models of the Pz.Kpfw. VIII “Maus”!